Rattler.



G. P. HEMSTRBET.

RATTLER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.28, 1907.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

G. P. HBMSTRBET.

BATTLER.

' APPLIOATION FILED 111.11.29, 1907.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

'A SHEETS-SHE UNITED sTAirns rarnn'r OFFICE.

GEORGE P. HEMSTREET, 0F HASTINGS-UPON-HUDSON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR VT0 THE INTERNATIONAL PAVEMENT COMPANY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, A COR- PORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

RATTLER.

To all lwhom it may concern.'

Be it know,n that I, GEORGE P. HEMSTREET, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hastings-upon-Hudson, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Rattlers, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to rattlers intended primarily for testing asphalt and similar paving blocks, although it is apparent that the invention in certain of its relations is susceptible of use for other purposes.

Rattlers have heretofore been devised wherein paving blocks might be arranged in annular form and rotated at a high speed, metallic or other blocks being placed in the rattler and impacting, during the rotation thereof, upon the exposed surface of the blocks. By this rattler, paving blocks have been subjected to tests in similitude of the wear that such blocks would be subjected to in actual use.

Paving blocks as ordinarily constructed consist mainly of a body material composed of crushed stone or sand, very finely comminuted, stony material, dust or fines, and a Vcementing or binding agent commonly termed bituminous cement. The binding material commonly used has been asphaltic cement. A paving block so constructed becomes brittle under a'low or freezing temperature and may be quite readily broken. Under a high temperature such as paving blocks would be subjected to in a summer heat or in a tropical or nearly tropical country these blocks become quite soft. Thus, under the wide range of temperature to which paving blocks must be subjected in view of the nature of their use, the changes in the block are such that tests made at one temperature may be absolutely valueless as a criterion of results in use at another temperature. Moreover, in use the paving blocks are subjected frequently toy the action of excessive moisture, as during heavy rain storms or when snow lies upcn them for a considerable length of time. It has been discovered that the action ofmoisture upon the blocks is such that tests made under wet and dry conditions of the paving blocks differ widely in result, and taken under either'condition may be valueless for the Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led March 28, 1907.

Patented sept. 13, 1910. serial No. 365,104.

other. Certain kinds of asphalt blocks made from certain kinds of asphalt deteri-l orate in the presence of moisture, whether they are undergoing wear at the same time or not. Moreover different kinds of asphalt and different mixtures using the same kind of asphalt, show different degrees of resistance to water action.

It has been found by experience that asphalt blocks made from certain kinds of asphalt will deteriorate when subjected to moisture and that such deterioration does not take place throughout the whole block but only upon the exposed surfaces and that the block is affected to a depth of about onequarter of an inch from the exposed surfaces even when thel block has been immersed in Water for several years. If this affected material of say, one-quarter of an inch in thickness is removed either b v traflic or otherwise. the moisture will attack the fresh surface and this is really what happens when the pavement .is subjected to continual moisture and continual traffic; the moisture attacks the surface of the pavement, deteriorates a thin layer of the cement, the trattic removes the injured portion, the water again attacks another thin layer and so on until the Whole block is destroyed. This water action does not take place with all asphalts and certain asphalts are more affected than others.

The rattler to which I have referred, while effective for a paving block so long as it is subjected to a uniform and moderate temperature, has failed to take into account the wide ranges of temperature to which paving blocks are subjected in use and thc fact that the wear of these blocks differs under wet and dry conditions.

I have devised a rattler wherein paving blocks may be subjected to wearing tests under either extreme. of temperature and also permitting the ready moistening of the blocks and tests thereof when moistened.

In order that the principles of my invention may be fully apparent I have disclosed one type thereof in thel accompanying drawings, wherein-*j Figure l is a vertical section of a rattler embodying my invention, the operating means therefor and the rattler body conveying meansbeing shown in elevation; Fig. 2 represents in longitudinal section and in elevation a detail of means for securing the paving blocks in the rattler; Fig. 3 represents in plan and in horizontal section the rattler chamber and rattler operating means, the rattler body having been removed; F 4 is a front elevation partially in section of a portionof the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 5 is a detail representing the inanner of securing the blocks in position.

Referring to that single type or embodiment of the invention herein illustrated, the chamber of the rattler, which is preferably composed of insulating material, is indiated at l and is provided with doors as Q, preferably located at the front. The rattler body is indicated at 3 as mounted upon a horizontally disposed shaft 4: mounted in bearings 5 and (l and driven by gearing 7 in any suitable manner, fast and loose pulleys S and 9 preferably being employed.

The rattler body in its general construction may be' that known in the art as the YTones-Talbot rattler, in which paving blocks are clamped in annular form to rotate upon a shaft, the inner exposed surface of the blocks being subjected during such rotation to the action of contained inetallio or other cubes or blocks simulating` in effect the wear to which blocks are subjected in use. Such i'attler body herein comprises a disk 10 having thereon a central sleeved portion 11 adapted to fit upon a correspondingly shaped portion of the shaft 4. In the present instance, said cooperating parts are indicated as tapered in pai't so that a close fit may be secured. Any other suitable type of rattler may be employedi I have discovered that it is important in obtaining` valuable tests under all conditions that the blocks be subjected to tests when thoroughly wetted. This can most readily be done by securing the rattler body reinovably to its shaft, so that after the blocks have been individually secured in position upon the body, the latter with its attached blocks may bejiinmersed in water and then quickly replaced upon its shaft. Were the blocks individually immersed in water and thereafter clamped in position one by one in or upon the disk body, much of the moisture Would pass from the blocks during the operating and moreover the blocks Would be more difficult to handle. In accordance with .my invention therefor, I removably secure the rattler body upon its shaft in any suitable inanner such asthat described. The end of the shaft 4 adjacent the end of the sleeve 11 may be screw threaded and pro-- vided with suitable locking and holding nuts indicated at 12 whereby the rattler body may be secured in position in a inanner permitting its ready removal and replacement. In order conveniently to remove the rattler body from its chamber to the point where it is to be submerged, any suitable means may be provided. Herein forfthe purpose I have indi fated a lever 13 oi' other support mounted by means of fall chains 14C upon a trolley 15 guided upon a. track 16, the rattler body being suitably supported upon the lever 13 and guided to the desired point. It is apparent that any suitable means may be substituted for that shown to transport the rattler body. In this manner, the iattler body having the blocks clamped or secured therein may be readily moistened and then quickly and conveniently mounted in position for the testing operation.

Asphalt paving blocks are used throughout many countries of the world, not only in the temperate zone, -in portions of which they may be subjected to extremely low temperature, but they are used in many tropical or nearly tropical countries, as in the South American republics, wherein not only is the hea-t excessive but heavy ain storms ai'e of frequent occurrence. jected to the dry and glaring heat of the sun under a high temperature become, as previously stated, quite soft and the wearing qualities thereof are greatly affected. In the northern countries and during winter months in many countries of the temperate Zone, the temperature is frequently so low that the blocks become quite brittle, the stony portions thereof being Paving blocks sub' liable to be knocked from the blocks under heavy impact. The highest technical kiiowledge and skill have been for some time past and are now being utilized for the purpose of obtaining paving blocks that are suited to the different conditions referred to, it being found that a paving block adapted to a country wherein the temperature changes are not extreme is oil may be totally unsuited to a tropical country or country wherein extremely low temperatures are prevalent during the Winter months. F urthrmore, a paving block entirely suited to the street of a South American city is unsuited for the streets of a city situated at a high latitude.-

It has become extremely necessary severely to test paving blocks as manufactured, inasmuch as slight changes in the constituency of the blocks produce very different ,results in the Wearing qualities, but, as previously stated, these tests have been heretofore of little value in so far as they apply to blocks intended for use in tropical or nearly tropical countries or in countries situated ina high latitude', and even for blocks intended for use in di'tferentparts of the United States. In accordance with my invention I have therefore devised means to subject blocks to a controlled temperature which may be either a refrigerating or a high temperature and desired intermediate variations. This result may be accomplished in any suitable manner, but herein, for the purpose, I have indicated (Fig. l) an ammonia or other rei perature, amount of pressure, etc.

frigerating Imachine at '17 with pipes 18 lwhich are coiled about or otherwise in proximity 'to 'the lrattler 'body within the chamber l therefor. 'In this manner 'the blocks may 'have imparted thereto any desire'd low temperature and when in such condition rotated with=tl1e rattler body and so subjected'tovtests that will-truly ascertain the Wearing-qualities of the blocks at such temperature. Heating coils=may be located withinlthe'chamber 1 of the rattler as indicated at 19 -and connected with any con venient or vsuitable source of supply not shown. dif-desired a lpartition 20 may -be placed between such coils and the rattler body. iIn this manner any desired yhigh temperature ymaybe imparted'to the blocks approximating tha't to whichthey may be subjected `to-use in certain countries or locstlities'and thereby a true wearing test may be obtained, a result heretofore impossible and never yet accomplished sofar. as I am aware.

Thepaving blocks indicated a't 21 maybe secured 4Ato 4the rattler body in any desired mannerfbutlin the-present instance VI prefere ably `employ -a metallic or other member- 22 I"for each'bloclqone endof said member' beingibolted or otherwise secured as represented at -23-to'the disk 210 and if desired secured to a'ring or annulus 24 monntedadf jacentto orlsecured to the disk 10. As here shown,the opposite end of the'metallic member 22 is downturned and is provided with a screw clamp `25'havin thereon a lock nut 26. In this manner, eac block may readily be secured in position. It is apparent that if desiredaJ plurality of blocks "may be secured by means of a single member 22 of suitable size 'andlshape As indicated in Figs. 4 and 5, wedges 27,'preferably of hard wood, are adapted tobe forced between the blocks 21, thus aiding inosition.

f desired (Fig. 3) a suitable tachometer 28may be employed to register the velocity of the apparatus and -a rotation registering apparatus 29. Any suitable means may be provided to 'retain within the rattler the metallic cubes 30 which in the rotation of the Vrattler strike rapid blows upon they blocks 21. In-the present instance (Fig. l) a screen Slis provlded for the purpose and secu ed in position in any suitable manner.

32and 32" indicate thermometers to ascertain lheitemperature, within the chamber 1 of the rattler.

`When the same asphalt is used blocks will vary intheir resisting powers to water action, due to the other ingredients or to the particular method of manufacture, such proportions of the various ingredients, tem- All of these-things make it very important to cmploy some method of testing the water actionl in steadying and securing them or until the coatingv of asphalt ou the exterior j of the blocks-is completely removed and the true material of the block is fullymxposcd. The rattler body with its contents of blocks will then 'be removed from the shaft and the whole submerged in fresh water for a period of say, fifteen days. lt will then be replaced upon the shaft, the cubes again inserted and the rattler rotated for sa y,a thousand remlutions or until all of the affected material has 'been entirely removed. 'lhe rattler bodyand its contents will airain be immersed in 'water for a further period and the process repeated as many times as may be necessary.

Byhaving several disks and sets of clamps to fit the same shaft it will be possible to have several sets of blocks undergoing tests at the same time, as one set will be placed in the rattler while other sets arc being immersed in the water.

Preferably the asphalt blocks are weighed before they are put mto the rattler and after they are taken out, thus giving the number of lpounds of material worn away by the metal ic cubes. If the total area exposed to the action of-the cubes is measured the results may be conveniently expressed,l in pounds lost per square yard of paveme 't.

Having thus described my invention, desire it to be understood ythat although specific terms are employed they are used in a generi-c and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation and that the scope of the invention is set forth in the following claims.

Claims.

1. A rattler for testing paving blocks and i the like having one or more block impacting members and also having provisions for controllin the temperature of such blocks while subjected tothe testing operation.

2. A rattler for testing paving blocks and the likegcomprising a rotatable niembcr havlng provisions for securing paving blocks thereto and having one or more block impacting members, an inclosed casing for said rattler and provisions for regulating thel temperature of the blocks upon' the rattler while subjected to the testing operation.

3. A rattler for testing paving blocks and the like comprising a rotatable member having'provisions for securing paving blocks thereto, one' or more block impacting bodies within said rotatable member, an inclosed casing for said rattler and provisions external to said rotatable member for regulating the'temperatnre of the blocks upon the rattler while subjected to the testing operation.

4. A rattler for testing paving blocks and the like cdmp'rising a rotatable member having provisions for securing paving blocks therein, one or more block impacting members coacting with said rotatable member, a

kcasing wherein said member may be rotated and means for subjecting said blocks while uponvthe rattler to either extreme of ternperature.

5. A rattler for testing paving'blocks and the like comprising a rotatable member having provisions for securing paving blocks therein, a casing wherein Vsaid member is mounted and rotated, and means for subjecting said blocks while upon the-rotatable member to a heating action and separate means for subjecting said blocks while upon the rotatable member to a cooling action.

6. A rattler for testing paving blocks or the like comprising a rotatable member having provisions for securing paving blocks `therein, a casing wherein said member is mounted and rotated, and means for subjectving said blocks while ,'npon said rotatable member to one eXt-reme'of temperature and .separate means for subjecting said blocks f while upon said rotatable member to the opposite extreme of temperature.

f7. A rattler for testing paving blocks or the like comprising a rotatable memberl having pipes communicating therewith and within said casing whereby the blocks may be subjected to a refrigerating temperature during thel testing operation.

. 9. A rattler for testing paving blocks and the like comprising a rotatable bod having provisions for securing paving bloc s thereto, a casing wherein said rattler body is located, and refrigerat-ing apparatus having pipes communicating therewith whereby the blocks may be subjected to a refrigerating temperature during the testing operation.

10. A rattler for testing paving blocks and the like comprising a rotatable body having provisions for securing paving blocks thereto,a casing wherein'said rattler body is located, a refrigerating apparatus having pipes communicating therewith and within said casing, and heating coils located adj acent said rattler body whereby the blocks carried thereby may be subjected to either extreme of temperature.

11. A rattler for testing paving blocks and same in said the like comprising a shaft, means for rotating the same, a rattler body having provi-' sions for tightly securing the same upon the shaft but permitting ready removal thereof from said shaft and one or more block impacting bodies within said rattler body.

13. A rattler comprising a rotatable disk and block holding means secured thereto to secure blocks in the form of an annulus about said disk and having clamping means adapted to engage the blocks to clamp the osition with relation to said disk, said ratt er having one or more block impacting members.

14. A rattler for testing paving blocks or the like comprising a shaft, means for rotating the same, a rattler body mounted upon the shaft, one or more block impacting members contained within said rattler body, means to secure said rattler body to the shaft,

fsaid means permitting ready removal of the said rattler body from said shaft, whereby a portion of said shaft is exposed for the substitution of another rattler body.

15.' A rattler for testing paving blocks jand the like comprising a disk having provisions for mounting the same upon a shaft,

a ring or annulus adjacent said disk, and block holding means secured to said disk and provided with block engaging clamping screws whereby blocks maya be clam ed in position with relation to said disk and ring.

16. A rattler for testing paving blocks and the like comprisin a disk and means for securing pavmg b ocks thereto in the form of a ring or annulus, and wedges adapted to be inserted between said blocks to secure the latter in position.

17. lA rattler for testing paving. blocks and the like comprising a rattler body, a shaft whereon the same is mounted, means permitting ready removal of said body from said shaft, one or more block impacting members within said rattler body, and provisions for subjectin blocks while positioned upon said ratt er body to either eX- treme of temperature.

18. A rattler for testing paving blocks or the like comprising a casing having provisions for receiving a rotatable shaft, a shaft mounted in said casing, means to rotate said shaft, a rotatable member carried by said shaft within said casing and having provisions for securing paving blocks thereto, means for subjectin said blocks while carried by said rotatale member and within said casing to a heating action, and separate means for subjecting said blocks to a cooling action While carried by said rotatable member.

19. A rattler for testing paving blocks or the like comprisinga casing having provisions for receiving a rotatable shaft, a ishaft mounted in said casing, means to rotate said shaft, a rotatable member carried by said shaft within said casing, and having provisions for securing paving blocks thereto, one or more block lmpacting members Within said rattler body, and means for subjecting said blocks interchangeably While carried by said rotatable member and Within said casing to either a heating or a refrigerating temperature.

20. rattler for testing paving blocks or the like comprising a casin having provisions for receiving a rotatab e shaft, a shaft mounted in said casing, means to rotate said shaft, a rotatable member carried by said shaft Within said casing and having provisions for securing paving blocks thereto, means for subjectln said blocks While carried by said rotata le member and Within said casingto a heating temperature, and separate means for subjecting said blocks to a refrigerating tem erature while carredby said rotatable mem er. j

21. A rattler comprising a rotatable disk and block holding means secured thereto to secure blocks in the form of an annulus about said disk, the rattler body having a partially open face posite said disk and means to subject the blocks while secured to the disk to temperature variations 'to test the efiiciency thereof.

22. A rattler comprising a rotatable disk and adjustable means mounted upon said disk to clam a series of blocks against said disk in annu ar form to be tested, in combination with block im acting members within said series of bloc s.

23. A rattler for testing paving blocks and the like comprising a rotatable disk, block holdin ,means carried by said disk and having a justable provisions for clamping the blocks as a series in annular form against said disk, and one or more block impacting members adapted to impact uion the inner faces of said blocks When the isk is rotated.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

GEORGE P. HEMSTREET.

VVitnesseS:

HARRY STUKERT, FRED Gunmen. 

